TMEM268 (Transmembrane Protein 268) is a membrane protein containing two transmembrane domains. It is primarily localized to the plasma membrane and is widely expressed in various tissues and cell types. This protein influences cell adhesion, cytoskeletal remodeling, and cell migration by regulating the stability of ITGB4 (integrin β4). In cancer research, TMEM268 is significantly overexpressed in gastric cancer, where it promotes tumor cell proliferation, adhesion, and metastasis. It serves as an independent prognostic marker for thyroid cancer, and its high expression is closely associated with poor patient survival. In the immune system, TMEM268 interacts with CD11b, regulates the β2 integrin signaling pathway, and participates in innate immune responses and pathogen clearance; its deficiency leads to increased susceptibility to sepsis. Furthermore, this protein has been identified as a component of the microglial membrane proteome, suggesting a potential role in neuroimmunology, and represents a potential therapeutic target for cancer and immune-related diseases.